Fig. 2. GDM male offspring rats are associated with accelerated growth after birth. (A) Litter size, (B) survival rate of all pups, (C) body weight of male offspring rats, (D) representative DXA scans of male offspring rats, (E) estimated total fat mass of male offspring rats. Results represent the mean ± SEM; n=6 per group. * p<0.05 vs. CON. Male offspring liver (F) p-ACC, ACC; (G) p-AMPK, AMPK; (H) p-PPARγ, PPARγ; (I) p-mTOR, mTOR; (J) p-Akt and Akt were determined by Western blotting. The results are the mean ± SEM; n≥3 per group. *p<0.05 vs. CON.